历史语言学、语言类型学和语言接触学 = Historical Linguistics, Linguistic Typology, and Language Contact Studies

• Main Author: 罗仁地 LaPolla, Randy J.
• Other Authors: School of Humanities
• Format: Article
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Humanities::Linguistics::Historical linguistics; Humanities::Language::Chinese; 语言学方法论 Methodology in Linguistics; 汉语 Sinitic Varieties; 涌现语法 Emergent Grammar; 溯因推理法 Abductive Inference
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/153277
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

语言类型学、历史语言学和语言接触学之间有一种“你中有我，我中有你”的关系，因为三个方面都是针对语言形式的研究，三者的差别只在于着重点不一样。我们如果要了解语言的形式，就必须要了解语言形式的作用（语用/意思）和来源，包括影响形式或用法的因素，如说话者迁徙的历史以及语言（文化）接触及其影响。我们在进行类型学研究的时候，必须参照历史语言学和语言接触学，而进行历史语言学研究的时候更需要参照类型学。具体讨论语言的性质和功能、历史语言学的不同方法、类型学描写范畴和比较概念的区别和用法。This paper discusses the intimate relationship between historical linguistics, linguistic typology, and language contact studies. It argues that to study the structures of languages, one needs to take all of these aspects, plus the history and society of the speakers of the languages, into account. It also discusses the nature of language as emergent out of interactive communicative behavior, and how that affects our understanding of the development of structure as a dynamic phenomenon, not a fixed system. In terms of typology, the difference between descriptive categories and comparative concepts and their use is discussed. Historical linguistics is divided into two types, genetic linguistics and reconstruction vs. historical typology (grammaticalization). It is argued that the study of Sinitic varieties should be based on natural data and the comparative method rather than on the philological interpretation of rhyme-book categories. Examples are given of how the study of these three different aspects can inform each other.