Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis

The liquid-cooling data center (DC) systems have been becoming important for the rapidly developing high-performance processors since the traditional air-cooled DC systems cannot efficiently manage them due to high heat dissipation rates. Two-phase liquid-immersion cooling is one of the promising di...

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Main Authors: Kanbur, Baris Burak, Wu, Chenlong, Fan, Simiao, Tong, Wei, Duan, Fei
Other Authors: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2021
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Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/154624
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
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spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-1546242021-12-29T07:53:42Z Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis Kanbur, Baris Burak Wu, Chenlong Fan, Simiao Tong, Wei Duan, Fei School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Engineering::Mechanical engineering Data Center Cooling Thermoeconomic Analysis The liquid-cooling data center (DC) systems have been becoming important for the rapidly developing high-performance processors since the traditional air-cooled DC systems cannot efficiently manage them due to high heat dissipation rates. Two-phase liquid-immersion cooling is one of the promising direct liquid-cooled DC systems, but its system-scale thermal management performance has not been investigated in detail yet. This study performs the system-scale thermal management of a two-phase liquid-immersion cooling DC system under six different real-time and dynamic operation loads in the range of 3.43-9.17 kW to see the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic performances. The system includes the DC server tank, circulation pump, and dry tower. Results show that the best coefficient of performance (COP) and power usage effectiveness (PUE) values are seen at the highest operation load with 6.67 and 1.15 while the minimum COP and the highest PUE are seen at the lowest operation load with 2.5 and 1.4, respectively. In the component-based assessments, the dry tower is found as the most dominant component according to the exergy destruction ratio analysis, energy costing, and carbon-related costs. The exergy efficiency varies between 8.0% and 18.9% for different operation loads, and the operating temperatures have a crucial impact on the exergetic performances. The thermoeconomic analysis deduces that the levelized product cost is roundly 1.14 S$ · h-1 which means the exergy-related terms (e.g. destruction and loss) increase the costing trends 3.25 times as high compared to the traditional energy-based economic calculations. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) The authors would like to thank the funding supports from the Nanyang Technological University (NTU)-Defense Science and Technology Agency (DSTA) joint project and the Economics Development Board (EDB) Singapore - EcoCampus at NTU project. 2021-12-29T07:53:42Z 2021-12-29T07:53:42Z 2020 Journal Article Kanbur, B. B., Wu, C., Fan, S., Tong, W. & Duan, F. (2020). Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis. International Journal of Refrigeration, 118, 290-301. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.05.026 0140-7007 https://hdl.handle.net/10356/154624 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.05.026 2-s2.0-85089157831 118 290 301 en International Journal of Refrigeration © 2020 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
continent Asia
country Singapore
Singapore
content_provider NTU Library
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic Engineering::Mechanical engineering
Data Center Cooling
Thermoeconomic Analysis
spellingShingle Engineering::Mechanical engineering
Data Center Cooling
Thermoeconomic Analysis
Kanbur, Baris Burak
Wu, Chenlong
Fan, Simiao
Tong, Wei
Duan, Fei
Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
description The liquid-cooling data center (DC) systems have been becoming important for the rapidly developing high-performance processors since the traditional air-cooled DC systems cannot efficiently manage them due to high heat dissipation rates. Two-phase liquid-immersion cooling is one of the promising direct liquid-cooled DC systems, but its system-scale thermal management performance has not been investigated in detail yet. This study performs the system-scale thermal management of a two-phase liquid-immersion cooling DC system under six different real-time and dynamic operation loads in the range of 3.43-9.17 kW to see the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic performances. The system includes the DC server tank, circulation pump, and dry tower. Results show that the best coefficient of performance (COP) and power usage effectiveness (PUE) values are seen at the highest operation load with 6.67 and 1.15 while the minimum COP and the highest PUE are seen at the lowest operation load with 2.5 and 1.4, respectively. In the component-based assessments, the dry tower is found as the most dominant component according to the exergy destruction ratio analysis, energy costing, and carbon-related costs. The exergy efficiency varies between 8.0% and 18.9% for different operation loads, and the operating temperatures have a crucial impact on the exergetic performances. The thermoeconomic analysis deduces that the levelized product cost is roundly 1.14 S$ · h-1 which means the exergy-related terms (e.g. destruction and loss) increase the costing trends 3.25 times as high compared to the traditional energy-based economic calculations.
author2 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
author_facet School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Kanbur, Baris Burak
Wu, Chenlong
Fan, Simiao
Tong, Wei
Duan, Fei
format Article
author Kanbur, Baris Burak
Wu, Chenlong
Fan, Simiao
Tong, Wei
Duan, Fei
author_sort Kanbur, Baris Burak
title Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
title_short Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
title_full Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
title_fullStr Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
title_full_unstemmed Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
title_sort two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system : experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
publishDate 2021
url https://hdl.handle.net/10356/154624
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