Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata
High levels of phenotypic variation in resistance appears to be nearly ubiquitous across natural host populations. Molecular processes contributing to this variation in nature are still poorly known, although theory predicts resistance to evolve at specific loci driven by pathogen-imposed selection....
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sg-ntu-dr.10356-1593772023-02-28T17:12:31Z Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata Safdari, Pezhman Höckerstedt, Layla Brosche, Mikael Salojärvi, Jarkko Laine, Anna-Liisa School of Biological Sciences Science::Biological sciences Phenotypic Variation Pathogen-Imposed Selection High levels of phenotypic variation in resistance appears to be nearly ubiquitous across natural host populations. Molecular processes contributing to this variation in nature are still poorly known, although theory predicts resistance to evolve at specific loci driven by pathogen-imposed selection. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes play an important role in pathogen recognition, downstream defense responses and defense signaling. Identifying the natural variation in NLRs has the potential to increase our understanding of how NLR diversity is generated and maintained, and how to manage disease resistance. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of five different Plantago lanceolata genotypes when inoculated by the same strain of obligate fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis. A de novo transcriptome assembly of RNA-sequencing data yielded 24,332 gene models with N50 value of 1,329 base pairs and gene space completeness of 66.5%. The gene expression data showed highly varying responses where each plant genotype demonstrated a unique expression profile in response to the pathogen, regardless of the resistance phenotype. Analysis on the conserved NB-ARC domain demonstrated a diverse NLR repertoire in P. lanceolata consistent with the high phenotypic resistance diversity in this species. We find evidence of selection generating diversity at some of the NLR loci. Jointly, our results demonstrate that phenotypic resistance diversity results from a crosstalk between different defense mechanisms. In conclusion, characterizing the architecture of resistance in natural host populations may shed unprecedented light on the potential of evolution to generate variation. Published version This work was funded by the Academy of Finland (334276) and the European Research Council Consolidator Grant RESISTANCE (724508) to A-LL, and the Academy of Finland (318288) to JS. 2022-06-15T06:36:05Z 2022-06-15T06:36:05Z 2021 Journal Article Safdari, P., Höckerstedt, L., Brosche, M., Salojärvi, J. & Laine, A. (2021). Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 675760-. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.675760 1664-462X https://hdl.handle.net/10356/159377 10.3389/fpls.2021.675760 34322142 2-s2.0-85111350158 12 675760 en Frontiers in Plant Science © 2021 Safdari, Höckerstedt, Brosche, Salojärvi and Laine. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. application/pdf |
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Science::Biological sciences Phenotypic Variation Pathogen-Imposed Selection Safdari, Pezhman Höckerstedt, Layla Brosche, Mikael Salojärvi, Jarkko Laine, Anna-Liisa Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata |
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High levels of phenotypic variation in resistance appears to be nearly ubiquitous across natural host populations. Molecular processes contributing to this variation in nature are still poorly known, although theory predicts resistance to evolve at specific loci driven by pathogen-imposed selection. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes play an important role in pathogen recognition, downstream defense responses and defense signaling. Identifying the natural variation in NLRs has the potential to increase our understanding of how NLR diversity is generated and maintained, and how to manage disease resistance. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of five different Plantago lanceolata genotypes when inoculated by the same strain of obligate fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis. A de novo transcriptome assembly of RNA-sequencing data yielded 24,332 gene models with N50 value of 1,329 base pairs and gene space completeness of 66.5%. The gene expression data showed highly varying responses where each plant genotype demonstrated a unique expression profile in response to the pathogen, regardless of the resistance phenotype. Analysis on the conserved NB-ARC domain demonstrated a diverse NLR repertoire in P. lanceolata consistent with the high phenotypic resistance diversity in this species. We find evidence of selection generating diversity at some of the NLR loci. Jointly, our results demonstrate that phenotypic resistance diversity results from a crosstalk between different defense mechanisms. In conclusion, characterizing the architecture of resistance in natural host populations may shed unprecedented light on the potential of evolution to generate variation. |
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School of Biological Sciences |
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School of Biological Sciences Safdari, Pezhman Höckerstedt, Layla Brosche, Mikael Salojärvi, Jarkko Laine, Anna-Liisa |
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Article |
author |
Safdari, Pezhman Höckerstedt, Layla Brosche, Mikael Salojärvi, Jarkko Laine, Anna-Liisa |
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Safdari, Pezhman |
title |
Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata |
title_short |
Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata |
title_full |
Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata |
title_fullStr |
Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genotype-specific expression and NLR repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in Plantago lanceolata |
title_sort |
genotype-specific expression and nlr repertoire contribute to phenotypic resistance diversity in plantago lanceolata |
publishDate |
2022 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10356/159377 |
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1759858298313506816 |