Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening

Hard water poses several challenges for the industry and home application. Hence, water softening is required for water supply. This study examined the use of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer (PEM) hollow fibre membrane for water softening under low operating pressure of less than 2 bar. It aims to achiev...

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Main Author: Tan, Edmund Choon Wei
Other Authors: Wang Rong
Format: Final Year Project
Language:English
Published: 2014
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Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10356/60113
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
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spelling sg-ntu-dr.10356-601132023-03-03T16:54:58Z Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening Tan, Edmund Choon Wei Wang Rong School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Singapore Membrane Technology Centre DRNTU::Engineering::Environmental engineering::Water treatment Hard water poses several challenges for the industry and home application. Hence, water softening is required for water supply. This study examined the use of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer (PEM) hollow fibre membrane for water softening under low operating pressure of less than 2 bar. It aims to achieve a rejection of more than 90% for both Mg2+ and Ca2+. Using poly(ethersulfonate) (PES) Ultrafiltration (UF) hollow fibre membrane as substrate, Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique was performed with alternate lumen deposition of Poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). Finally, the PEM membrane is enhanced using Glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking which has not been evaluated for water softening yet. Membrane characterization was performed to determine the morphology and zeta potential of the PEM membrane and several deposition parameters were studied to determine the optimum deposition conditions. The PEM membrane is then subjected to performance testing to determine flux and rejection. Optimization results found that for complete coverage of substrate, 1.5 bilayer with 500K PSS and 15K PAH are required. For supporting electrolytes concentration, the optimum concentration was found to be 0.5 M for both PSS and PAH. Optimum cross-linked time was taken to be 5 mins. Performance of PEM membrane with single salt feed and mixed salt feed shows improvement in flux and rejection after GA cross-linking. This study suggests reduced pore size as possible reason for the result. Overall, the findings from this paper show that the membrane developed in this study is a promising development for water softening application. Bachelor of Engineering (Environmental Engineering) 2014-05-22T05:52:03Z 2014-05-22T05:52:03Z 2014 2014 Final Year Project (FYP) http://hdl.handle.net/10356/60113 en Nanyang Technological University 48 p. application/pdf
institution Nanyang Technological University
building NTU Library
continent Asia
country Singapore
Singapore
content_provider NTU Library
collection DR-NTU
language English
topic DRNTU::Engineering::Environmental engineering::Water treatment
spellingShingle DRNTU::Engineering::Environmental engineering::Water treatment
Tan, Edmund Choon Wei
Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening
description Hard water poses several challenges for the industry and home application. Hence, water softening is required for water supply. This study examined the use of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer (PEM) hollow fibre membrane for water softening under low operating pressure of less than 2 bar. It aims to achieve a rejection of more than 90% for both Mg2+ and Ca2+. Using poly(ethersulfonate) (PES) Ultrafiltration (UF) hollow fibre membrane as substrate, Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique was performed with alternate lumen deposition of Poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). Finally, the PEM membrane is enhanced using Glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking which has not been evaluated for water softening yet. Membrane characterization was performed to determine the morphology and zeta potential of the PEM membrane and several deposition parameters were studied to determine the optimum deposition conditions. The PEM membrane is then subjected to performance testing to determine flux and rejection. Optimization results found that for complete coverage of substrate, 1.5 bilayer with 500K PSS and 15K PAH are required. For supporting electrolytes concentration, the optimum concentration was found to be 0.5 M for both PSS and PAH. Optimum cross-linked time was taken to be 5 mins. Performance of PEM membrane with single salt feed and mixed salt feed shows improvement in flux and rejection after GA cross-linking. This study suggests reduced pore size as possible reason for the result. Overall, the findings from this paper show that the membrane developed in this study is a promising development for water softening application.
author2 Wang Rong
author_facet Wang Rong
Tan, Edmund Choon Wei
format Final Year Project
author Tan, Edmund Choon Wei
author_sort Tan, Edmund Choon Wei
title Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening
title_short Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening
title_full Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening
title_fullStr Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening
title_full_unstemmed Development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening
title_sort development of low pressure and high performance nf membranes for water softening
publishDate 2014
url http://hdl.handle.net/10356/60113
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