羅近溪的「生生」思想探析 = The exploring of Luo Jin Xi’s “Sheng Sheng” thoughts

• Main Author: 蔡毓岚 Cai, Yulan
• Other Authors: Ngoi Guat Peng
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/62343
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

在羅近溪的思想中，「生生」一詞是主要的思想核心。而要追溯到生生一詞的出處，最早是出現在《周易》的「生生之謂易」與「天地大德曰生」。但《周易》中並沒有展開具體的討論。在宋代，儒學的代表如周敦頤、程顥、程頤等人，以「生生」來描述天地大德的表現，「生生」只是用來形容天地間生生不息的生命力。可以說，「生生」僅是涉及天地之德。 直到南宋朱熹才在其〈仁說〉，以「生生」構建了一個貫穿「天人關係」的思想體系。「生生」即是「生生之仁」，是貫穿天地間的仁德。明代王陽明則以「生生」來描繪太極的運作之理，也就是太極的「生生之理」。然而，羅近溪賦予了「生生」更豐富的意涵。在羅近溪的思想中，「生生」不僅限於形容天地之德，也是貫穿天人關係的「生生之理」，並且成為他思想體系中的樞紐概念，貫徹於天道個人倫實踐。由此可知，「生生」不僅是作為天地萬物本源的存在，而也落于日用實踐當中。作為天地萬物本源的存在，「生生」的表現層面在於無疆無盡的「費隱」；而「生生之源」也推動了乾坤、陰陽的運轉形成天地萬物。在實踐的層面上，「生生」是創造生命的所在。人也因為「生生」而創生，表現在「仁」、「壽」上。日用人倫方面，從個人的道德修養，如「不逾矩」、「一團和樂」等都是「生生」的具體實踐；家庭層面則是「孝弟慈」的發揮；社會國家的經世致用。這些都是儒家在《大學》提過的「齊家、治國、平天下」的最高理想。 Luo Jin Xi (know as Ru Fang, 1915-1588) , his school of Confucians thoughts represents Yang Ming School in late Ming Dynasty. He, as the heir of Yang Ming School in Tai Zhou, evolved his own school of thoughts in Xin Xue (Learn of Mind-heart). One of the keystones to understand his school of thoughts is Sheng Sheng（生生）.Sheng Sheng appears in the earliest texts in history , Zhou Yi(《周易》). It says that Sheng Sheng means Yi(易). But it does not have further discussion. In Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, Sheng Sheng was used to describe the moral of heaven. Till Luo Jin Xi, he used Sheng Sheng to construct his school of thoughts. In his Confucian philosophy, Sheng Sheng has different layers of meanings. He used Sheng Sheng to build up heaven-man relationship. From Sheng Sheng , we can understand how this universe and our world were built. Moreover, Luo Jin Xi used Sheng Sheng to create his ethical philosophy, such as ‘seeking Ren(humanity)’and ‘Xiao Di Ci(Filial piety, fraternal duty, affection)’. The ultimate goal of his school of thoughts is to build up a harmonious society and country, which is also the idealistic world of Confucians thoughts. My thesis focuses on different layers of meanings of Sheng Sheng in Luo Jin Xi’s school of Confucians thoughts. In this thesis, I will have five chapters: (1) to explore the background of Luo Jin Xi’s study of Sheng Sheng,(2) to explore the different meaning of Sheng Sheng from Zhou Yi to Yang Ming and how it relates to Luo Jin Xi,(3)to explore how Sheng Sheng creates the world,(4)to explore the relationship of Sheng Sheng and daily moral practices,(5)conclusion.