Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, pro...

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Main Authors: Titikorn Chunchai, Wannipa Thunapong, Sakawdaurn Yasom, Keerati Wanchai, Sathima Eaimworawuthikul, Gabrielle Metzler, Anusorn Lungkaphin, Anchalee Pongchaidecha, Sasithorn Sirilun, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut, Wasana Pratchayasakul, Parameth Thiennimitr, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
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Published: 2018
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http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/58770
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spelling th-cmuir.6653943832-587702018-09-05T04:37:26Z Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats Titikorn Chunchai Wannipa Thunapong Sakawdaurn Yasom Keerati Wanchai Sathima Eaimworawuthikul Gabrielle Metzler Anusorn Lungkaphin Anchalee Pongchaidecha Sasithorn Sirilun Chaiyavat Chaiyasut Wasana Pratchayasakul Parameth Thiennimitr Nipon Chattipakorn Siriporn C. Chattipakorn Immunology and Microbiology Neuroscience © 2018 The Author(s). Background: Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on cognition and microglial activity in an obese-insulin resistant condition have not yet been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (Xyloolidosaccharide), probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01), or synbiotics in male obese-insulin resistant rats induced by a HFD. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or a HFD for 12 weeks. At week 13, the rats in each dietary group were randomly divided into four subgroups including vehicle group, prebiotics group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group. Rats received their assigned intervention for an additional 12 weeks. At the end of experimental protocol, the cognitive functioning of each rat was investigated; blood and brain samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and investigate brain pathology. Results: We found that chronic HFD consumption leads to gut and systemic inflammation and impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity, which were improved by all treatments. Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics also improved hippocampal plasticity and attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats with all therapies, which also decreased microglial activation, leading to restored cognitive function. Conclusions: These findings suggest that consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics restored cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects through gut-brain axis, leading to improved hippocampal plasticity, brain mitochondrial function, and decreased microglial activation. 2018-09-05T04:30:36Z 2018-09-05T04:30:36Z 2018-01-09 Journal 17422094 2-s2.0-85040343815 10.1186/s12974-018-1055-2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85040343815&origin=inward http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/58770
institution Chiang Mai University
building Chiang Mai University Library
country Thailand
collection CMU Intellectual Repository
topic Immunology and Microbiology
Neuroscience
spellingShingle Immunology and Microbiology
Neuroscience
Titikorn Chunchai
Wannipa Thunapong
Sakawdaurn Yasom
Keerati Wanchai
Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
Gabrielle Metzler
Anusorn Lungkaphin
Anchalee Pongchaidecha
Sasithorn Sirilun
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Wasana Pratchayasakul
Parameth Thiennimitr
Nipon Chattipakorn
Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats
description © 2018 The Author(s). Background: Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on cognition and microglial activity in an obese-insulin resistant condition have not yet been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (Xyloolidosaccharide), probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01), or synbiotics in male obese-insulin resistant rats induced by a HFD. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or a HFD for 12 weeks. At week 13, the rats in each dietary group were randomly divided into four subgroups including vehicle group, prebiotics group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group. Rats received their assigned intervention for an additional 12 weeks. At the end of experimental protocol, the cognitive functioning of each rat was investigated; blood and brain samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and investigate brain pathology. Results: We found that chronic HFD consumption leads to gut and systemic inflammation and impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity, which were improved by all treatments. Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics also improved hippocampal plasticity and attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats with all therapies, which also decreased microglial activation, leading to restored cognitive function. Conclusions: These findings suggest that consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics restored cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects through gut-brain axis, leading to improved hippocampal plasticity, brain mitochondrial function, and decreased microglial activation.
format Journal
author Titikorn Chunchai
Wannipa Thunapong
Sakawdaurn Yasom
Keerati Wanchai
Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
Gabrielle Metzler
Anusorn Lungkaphin
Anchalee Pongchaidecha
Sasithorn Sirilun
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Wasana Pratchayasakul
Parameth Thiennimitr
Nipon Chattipakorn
Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
author_facet Titikorn Chunchai
Wannipa Thunapong
Sakawdaurn Yasom
Keerati Wanchai
Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
Gabrielle Metzler
Anusorn Lungkaphin
Anchalee Pongchaidecha
Sasithorn Sirilun
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Wasana Pratchayasakul
Parameth Thiennimitr
Nipon Chattipakorn
Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
author_sort Titikorn Chunchai
title Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats
title_short Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats
title_full Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats
title_fullStr Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats
title_full_unstemmed Decreased Microglial Activation Through Gut-brain Axis by Prebiotics, Probiotics, or Synbiotics Effectively Restored Cognitive Function in Obese-insulin Resistant Rats
title_sort decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats
publishDate 2018
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85040343815&origin=inward
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/58770
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