Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1)
It is well recognized that herbal supplements or herbal medicines are now commonly used. As many patients taking prescription medications are concomitantly using herbal supplements, there is considerable risk for adverse herbal drug interactions. Such interactions can enhance the risk for an individ...
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th-mahidol.330292018-11-09T10:10:23Z Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) Sompon Wanwimolruk Virapong Prachayasittikul Mahidol University Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics It is well recognized that herbal supplements or herbal medicines are now commonly used. As many patients taking prescription medications are concomitantly using herbal supplements, there is considerable risk for adverse herbal drug interactions. Such interactions can enhance the risk for an individual patient, especially with regard to drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as warfarin, cyclosporine A and digoxin. Herbal drug interactions can alter phar-macokinetic or/and pharmacodynamic properties of administered drugs. The most common pharmacokinetic interactions usually involve either the inhibition or induction of the metabo-lism of drugs catalyzed by the important enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP). The aim of the present article is to provide an updated review of clinically relevant metabolic CYP-mediated drug interactions between selected herbal supplements and prescription drugs. The commonly used herbal supplements selected include Echinacea, Ginkgo biloba, garlic, St. John's wort, goldenseal, and milk thistle. To date, several significant herbal drug interactions have their origins in the alteration of CYP enzyme activity by various phytochemicals. Numerous herbal drug interactions have been reported. Although the significance of many interactions is uncer-tain but several interactions, especially those with St. John's wort, may have critical clinical consequences. St. John's wort is a source of hyperforin, an active ingredient that has a strong affinity for the pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR). As a PXR ligand, hyperforin promotes expression of CYP3A4 enzymes in the small intestine and liver. This in turn causes induction of CYP3A4 and can reduce the oral bioavailability of many drugs making them less effective. The available evidence indicates that, at commonly recommended doses, other selected herbs including Echinacea, Ginkgo biloba, garlic, goldenseal and milk thistle do not act as potent or moderate inhibitors or inducers of CYP enzymes. A good knowledge of the mechanisms of herbal drug interactions is necessary for assessing and minimizing clinical risks. These pro-cesses help prediction of interactions between herbal supplements and prescription drugs. Healthcare professionals should remain vigilant for potential interactions between herbal sup-plements/medicines and prescription drugs, especially for drugs with a narrow therapeutic in-dex are used. 2018-11-09T01:44:59Z 2018-11-09T01:44:59Z 2014-04-02 Review EXCLI Journal. Vol.13, (2014), 347-391 16112156 2-s2.0-84899136682 https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/33029 Mahidol University SCOPUS https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84899136682&origin=inward |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Sompon Wanwimolruk Virapong Prachayasittikul Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) |
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It is well recognized that herbal supplements or herbal medicines are now commonly used. As many patients taking prescription medications are concomitantly using herbal supplements, there is considerable risk for adverse herbal drug interactions. Such interactions can enhance the risk for an individual patient, especially with regard to drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as warfarin, cyclosporine A and digoxin. Herbal drug interactions can alter phar-macokinetic or/and pharmacodynamic properties of administered drugs. The most common pharmacokinetic interactions usually involve either the inhibition or induction of the metabo-lism of drugs catalyzed by the important enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP). The aim of the present article is to provide an updated review of clinically relevant metabolic CYP-mediated drug interactions between selected herbal supplements and prescription drugs. The commonly used herbal supplements selected include Echinacea, Ginkgo biloba, garlic, St. John's wort, goldenseal, and milk thistle. To date, several significant herbal drug interactions have their origins in the alteration of CYP enzyme activity by various phytochemicals. Numerous herbal drug interactions have been reported. Although the significance of many interactions is uncer-tain but several interactions, especially those with St. John's wort, may have critical clinical consequences. St. John's wort is a source of hyperforin, an active ingredient that has a strong affinity for the pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR). As a PXR ligand, hyperforin promotes expression of CYP3A4 enzymes in the small intestine and liver. This in turn causes induction of CYP3A4 and can reduce the oral bioavailability of many drugs making them less effective. The available evidence indicates that, at commonly recommended doses, other selected herbs including Echinacea, Ginkgo biloba, garlic, goldenseal and milk thistle do not act as potent or moderate inhibitors or inducers of CYP enzymes. A good knowledge of the mechanisms of herbal drug interactions is necessary for assessing and minimizing clinical risks. These pro-cesses help prediction of interactions between herbal supplements and prescription drugs. Healthcare professionals should remain vigilant for potential interactions between herbal sup-plements/medicines and prescription drugs, especially for drugs with a narrow therapeutic in-dex are used. |
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Mahidol University |
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Mahidol University Sompon Wanwimolruk Virapong Prachayasittikul |
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Review |
author |
Sompon Wanwimolruk Virapong Prachayasittikul |
author_sort |
Sompon Wanwimolruk |
title |
Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) |
title_short |
Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) |
title_full |
Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) |
title_fullStr |
Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cytochrome P450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) |
title_sort |
cytochrome p450 enzyme mediated herbal drug interactions (part 1) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/33029 |
_version_ |
1763489685000159232 |