Household transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: A prospective cohort study

• Main Authors: Kalisvar Marimuthu, Yin Mo, Moi Lin Ling, Anastasia Hernandez-Koutoucheva, Shannon N. Fenlon, Denis Bertrand, David Chien Lye, Brenda Sze Peng Ang, Eli Perencevich, Oon Tek Ng, Ben S. Cooper, Niranjan Nagarajan, Swaine L. Chen, Timothy Barkham
• Other Authors: National Centre for Infectious Diseases
• Format: Article
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Medicine; Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
• Online Access: https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/78249
• Institution: Mahidol University

Objectives: To estimate the transmission rate of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in households with recently hospitalized CPE carriers. Methods: We conducted a prospective case-ascertained cohort study. We identified the presence of CPE in stool samples from index subjects, household contacts and companion animals and environmental samples at regular intervals. Linked transmissions were identified by WGS. A Markov model was constructed to estimate the household transmission potential of CPE. Results: Ten recently hospitalized index patients and 14 household contacts were included. There were seven households with one contact, two households with two contacts, and one household with three contacts. Index patients were colonized with blaOXA-48-like (n=4), blaKPC-2 (n=3), blaIMP (n=2), and blaNDM-1 (n=1), distributed among divergent species of Enterobacteriaceae. After a cumulative follow-up time of 9.0 years, three family members (21.4%, 3/14) acquired four different types of CPE in the community (hazard rate of 0.22/year). The probability of CPE transmission from an index patient to a household contact was 10% (95% CI 4%-26%). Conclusions: We observed limited transmission of CPE from an index patient to household contacts. Larger studies are needed to understand the factors associated with household transmission of CPE and identify preventive strategies.