PRODUCTION OF ANTIOXIDANT CONCENTRATES FOR FOOD ADDITIVES FROM PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATES (PFAD) BY REACTION OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND NEUTRALIZATION

• Main Author: Yuniarti, Reni
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/38879
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Vitamin E is one of the products carried along with Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) due to the thermal treatment that occurs in the deodorization unit in crude palm oil refining process (CPO). The recovery process of vitamin E from PFAD can be done by combining methods, such as combining enzymatic hydrolysis reaction and neutralization. This method can increase recovery of vitamin E until >90%. Enzyme selectivity enables higher vitamin E yield and less waste. In addition, this method is relatively simple and low energy. The common enzyme used in this process is lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolases, EC.3.1.1.3). The purpose of this study is to develop the vitamin E separation technology from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) through enzymatic hydrolysis-neutralization method by Candida rugosa lipase Type VII. There are four stages of the process in this study, namely hydrolysis process, neutralization, extraction, and evaporation. The mainfocus of this research is process of enzymatic hydrolysis. Variations used in this study focus on hydrolysis process which include two variations of treatment, i.e time of hydrolysis process (2 hr; 5 hr; 8 hr) and lipase concentration (0%; 1%; 2.5%-w/w). The quality parameters tested in this study were FFA content assayed using acid value, total tocopherol analyzed by spectrophotometry, and antioxidant activity tested using diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. According to the research, the optimum reaction condition for obtained free fatty acid and total tocopherol concentration was the hydrolysis process carried out within 2 hours at 50oC with lipase concentration of 1% (w/w) and 50% (v/w) water. In this condition, the percentage of free fatty acid increased up to 10% with concentration of 0.99 g FFA / g HPFAD and 1.18 mg tocopherol / g HPFAD. If it is continued with neutralization process, 27 mg of antioxidant concentrate/g PFAD will be obtained with vitamin E purity of 2.5%-w, so that recovery of vitamin E reached 71%. In addition, the antioxidant concentrate has very strong antioxidant activity.