EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF AZO DYES AT THE SMA NEGERI 4 CIMAHI USING 24-HOURS DIETARY RECALL AND FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE METHODS

• Main Author: Susilawati Rosid, Iis
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45940
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Alura Red, Carmoisine, Ponceau 4R and Brown HT belong to food additive of azo dyes permitted to be added into various food products in accordance with Indonesian regulation. However, the level of exposure of these dyes in various groups of population has not been assessed. The aim of this research was to obtain the exposure level data of Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Alura Red, Carmoisine, Ponceau 4R and Brown HT dyes in a senior high school student’s population expressed as percentage of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of each dye. The study was begun with the determination of population groups to be included, in this case, the students of Public Senior High school Cimahi 4. Applying the formula Slovin and Cochran, 120 students voluntarily participated as respondents. Food intake data was obtained by means of 24-Hours Dietary Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaires. Noticed food variants were grouped into several categories of products, i.e. cereals, bakery products, beverages, dairy products, confectionery, snacks, and composites. Food products containing at least one of those azo dyes were purchased and analyzed to determine their azo dyes concentration applying standard methods routinely used. Based on concentration of these azo dyes in a product and intake of this product, intake level of each azo dye can be calculated. All data obtained were then statistically evaluated to calculate the personal daily intake at the 95 and 97.5 percentiles for each food category and dyes. Total daily intake of each dye was calculated from the sum of all food categories containing this dye and finally expressed as a percentage of ADI value of each azo dye. The survey results revealed that 66 variants of food products containing azo dyes. Total daily intake of Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Alura Red, Carmoisine , Ponceau 4R and Brown HT at 95 percentile were respectively 29.14, 15.85, 8.69, 20.11, 10.75, 3.35 mg / person / day , which were equivalent to 7.75, 12.36, 2.42, 9.80, 5.24 and 2.18% of ADI, while those at 97.5 percentile were 35.54, 22.76, 9.65, 21.70, 10.85 and 5.17 mg / person / day, which were equivalent to 9.24, 17.74, 2,69, 10.57, 5.29 and 3.36% of ADI . Accumulative exposure all azo dyes studied at 95 and 97.5 percentiles were respectively 39.6 and 48.9% of ADI. Based on the overall results, it could be concluded that the level of exposure of each azo dye as well as their accumulative level of exposure were less than 100 % of ADI.