Sludge palm oil as a renewable raw material for biodiesel production by two-step processes

• Main Authors: Hayyan, Adeeb, Alam, Md. Zahangir, Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed, Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed, Mohd Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida, Mohd Siran, Yosri, Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2010
• Subjects: TP248.13 Biotechnology
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/1/Biodiesel-esterification-BITE.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/4069/; http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410009016
• Institution: Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia

In this study, biodiesel was produced from sludge palm oil (SPO) using tolune-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) as an acid catalyst in different dosages in the presence of methanol to convert free fatty acid (FFA) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), followed by a transesterification process using...