从新加坡开埠两百年系列活动看建构国家身份认同的策略与局限性 = The construction of Singapore’s national identity through the lens of the bicentennial year and its limitations

• Main Author: 石佩仪 Seak, Pei Yi
• Other Authors: Lin Jingxia
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2020
• Subjects: Humanities::General::History
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/137305
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

自新加坡在1965年独立以来，新加坡对身份认同的建设一直连续不断，可谓是国家重大建设项目之一。国家政治力量在构建认同感中发挥了关键性的主导作用，渗透到各种全国性大型活动中，潜移默化地促进国人对国家的认同情怀与价值取向。2019年作为新加坡纪念开埠200周年之际，也体现了国家对于凝聚认同感的用心。本文聚焦在三大型集体活动：2019年国庆庆典、2019年国庆群众大会演讲和《开埠两百年》展览， 探究国家意识形态所发挥的作用和其局限性。本文在探讨国家意识形态的运作方式时，重点掌握在其对新加坡的历史、政治、社会以及族群文化的范围内。笔者探讨了国庆庆典所运用的各种象征符号对于建构国家认同的有效性，再来是研究国庆群众大会演讲的敘述策略对于塑造国家意识的功能。最后，在梳理《开埠两百年》展览所呈现的国家历史的基础上，探讨官方话语对于建构国家历史的意义和局限性。本文在结合官方话语对构建国家认同的多方途径下，试图说明国家意识形态尽管在很大程度上成功塑造了国人的国家认同感，但对于国人自下而上地建设认同感仍有不少发展空间。 Since Singapore’s independence in 1965, the construction of a national identity has always been ongoing and can be deemed as one of the major projects of the country. The political forces of the country have played a pivotal role in building a sense of national identity, which has been the underlying agenda in events of national scale. These large-scale events aim to foster affective ties and value orientations of Singaporeans towards a collective national identity. As 2019 marks the commemoration of Singapore’s bicentennial milestone, it also reflects the conscious efforts of the nation to forging a Singapore identity. This paper seeks to examine the impact of ideological influences on Singapore’s national identity as well as its limitations in various spheres of society. This paper draws its analysis from three key events of the year, namely the National Day Parade (NDP), the National Day Rally (NDR) and the Bicentennial Experience exhibition. The paper will first delve into interpreting the symbolic expressions of identity in the National Day Parade and its effectiveness in asserting a national consciousness. Next, the paper examines the narrative strategies deployed in the National Day Rally speech to foster solidarity and political allegiance for the country. Finally, the paper looks at the construction of Singapore’s longue durée history in the Bicentennial Experience exhibition, and attempts to argue the limitations of a state narrative in inculcating a historical consciousness in Singaporeans. It is argued here that while ideological influences have shaped a cohesive national identity to a large extent, there is still considerable room for improvement in terms of ground-up approaches in identity construction.