Characterization of colloidal fouling in forward osmosis via ultrasonic time - (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR)

Characterization of colloidal fouling in forward osmosis via ultrasonic time - (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR)

Ultrasonic time- (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR) were applied to characterize internal and external fouling in the forward osmosis (FO) process. Unlike RO applications, in which the transducer was placed above the membrane to detect external fouling on the top surface of membrane, t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lai, Li, Sim, Lee Nuang, Krantz, William B., Chong, Tzyy Haur
Other Authors: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2022
Subjects:
Engineering::Civil engineering
External Fouling
Internal Fouling
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155519
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English

Internet

https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155519

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