Characterization of colloidal fouling in forward osmosis via ultrasonic time - (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR)

• Main Authors: Lai, Li, Sim, Lee Nuang, Krantz, William B., Chong, Tzyy Haur
• Other Authors: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Engineering::Civil engineering; External Fouling; Internal Fouling
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155519
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

Ultrasonic time- (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR) were applied to characterize internal and external fouling in the forward osmosis (FO) process. Unlike RO applications, in which the transducer was placed above the membrane to detect external fouling on the top surface of membrane, t...