Characterization of colloidal fouling in forward osmosis via ultrasonic time - (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR)

• Main Authors: Lai, Li, Sim, Lee Nuang, Krantz, William B., Chong, Tzyy Haur
• 其他作者: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
• 格式: Article
• 語言: English
• 出版: 2022
• 主題: Engineering::Civil engineering; External Fouling; Internal Fouling
• 在線閱讀: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/155519

Ultrasonic time- (UTDR) and frequency-domain reflectometry (UFDR) were applied to characterize internal and external fouling in the forward osmosis (FO) process. Unlike RO applications, in which the transducer was placed above the membrane to detect external fouling on the top surface of membrane, t...