Exercise dependence and risk of LEA in male athletes

• Main Author: Tan, Hui Qing
• Other Authors: -
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: English
• Published: Nanyang Technological University 2022
• Subjects: Science::Biological sciences::Human anatomy and physiology
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/162684
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

Low Energy Availability (LEA) refers to a state of negative energy balance, caused by insufficient Energy Intake (EI) and/or excessive Exercise Energy Expenditure (EEE). Exercise Dependence (EXD) refers to an obsessive exercise pattern resulting in the inability to reduce exercise volume despite adverse health effects. This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the relationship between EXD, and LEA risk using physiological biomarkers. 92 physically active males [mean ± SD; age: 23.8 ± 1.7] participated in an online questionnaire, which included measurements of demographic information, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Exercise Dependence Scale (EXDS). 10 participants each from the top and bottom percentile of EXDS total scores formed the Exercise Dependence Group (EXDG) and Control Group (CG) respectively. The 20 participants then attended a laboratory session, consisting of analysis of bone mass density through a Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan and blood analysis of serum testosterone concentration. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short (EDE-QS) and adapted LEA in Males Questionnaire (LEAM-Q) on injury history and sex drive respectively was also administered. A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant negative association between athlete calibre and the risk of EXD (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed using Spearman’s Rank test between EXD and weekly training volume (p<0.05, r=0.371). However, independent t-tests showed no significant differences between EXD and any biomarkers of LEA (p>0.247). Athletes at risk of EXD should be made aware on the importance of adapting nutrition to accommodate for increased EEE to prevent LEA.