语言接触与新加坡华语被动式的欧化现象 ：基于语料库的考察研究 = Europeanisation of passive constructions in Singapore Mandarin Chinese : a corpus-based study

• Main Author: 孙梦漪 Sun, Mengyi
• Other Authors: Cui Feng
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities::Language::Chinese
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/76496
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

目前关于新加坡华语被动式的研究，多以普通话作为对比基准，集中探讨新加坡“被”字句使用频率偏高的原因，并将其归结于新加坡社会内部英文对华语发展的影响。然而，作为以上研究考量基准的普通话被动式，实际在五四运动后，亦受到英文的影响，经历了欧化过程。这由此引出了一个现有研究未予以回答的问题：为何两种同样受到英文影响的汉语变体会产生如此的差异性？ 为解答该问题，本研究首先利用新加坡华语口语历时语料，考察语言接触对新加坡口语被动式发展的影响。其次，利用新加坡华语与普通话共时语料，探讨新加坡华语和普通话被动式的欧化程度差异及其原因。结果显示，新加坡华语口语被动式出现的变异现象主要由英文的语言接触所致。此外，新加坡华语的欧化程度普遍高于普通话，两者在口语层面具有更明显的差距。本文推测这与语言接触的不同途径有关；普通话欧化过程受到作为书面语的翻译文本影响，是间接语言接触，而新加坡华语则为社会内部两种语言直接接触的产物。 本研究结果不但利用语料库考察，更科学地验证了部分现有关于新加坡华语书面语被动式的研究，且为不同汉语变体的欧化程度差异提供了更为客观的解释，填补了现有的研究空白。 Among the studies where the use of passive constructions in Singapore Mandarin Chinese (SMC) is concerned, many of them set Mainland China Mandarin Chinese (MMC) as a benchmark, thus, proposing that the higher occurrence frequency of bei passive in SMC is a result of language contact with English. However, it should be noted that MMC, while being the benchmark, has also undergone Europeanisation with the influence of English-Chinese translations after the May Fourth Movement. Thus, there remains an unanswered question: what would be the actual motivations contributing to the difference between SMC and MMC with regard to passive constructions, if both are the products of English influence. To answer the question, this study first made use of the diachronic corpus of spoken SMC to examine how language contact has influenced the development of passive constructions in SMC. Secondly, based on the synchronic corpora of both written and spoken SMC and MMC, this study compared the degree of Europeanisation effect on the passive constructions between written and spoken form of SMC and MMC respectively, along with the possible causes of such variation. It is found that the most notable factor leading to the change of the use of passive constructions in SMC is the language contact with English. Furthermore, the results show that SMC has been influenced by English to a greater degree than MMC, and the difference is even more distinctive when the spoken forms are compared between the two varieties. This study thus proposed that the identifiable motivation attributing to such variation is the different ways of language contact. That is, MMC’s contact with English is mainly indirect (through English-Chinese translation works), and thus the Europeanisation features are more often found in written MMC, whereas SMC exhibits those features in both written and spoken forms as a result of its direct language contact with English. This study not only presents a more objective picture of the use of passive constructions in SMC with corpus investigation, but also fills the gap by examining the main factor contributing to the difference in the use of passive constructions between SMC and MMC.