The importance of understanding individual differences in Down syndrome

The importance of understanding individual differences in Down syndrome

In this article, we first present a summary of the general assumptions about Down syndrome (DS) still to be found in the literature. We go on to show how new research has modified these assumptions, pointing to a wide range of individual differences at every level of description. We argue that, in t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Karmiloff-Smith, Annette, Al-Janabi, Tamara, D'Souza, Hana, Groet, Jurgen, Massand, Esha, Mok, Kin, Startin, Carla, Fisher, Elizabeth, Hardy, John, Nizetic, Dean, Tybulewicz, Victor, Strydom, Andre
Other Authors: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Medicine
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10356/81443
http://hdl.handle.net/10220/40810
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Institution: Nanyang Technological University
Language: English
Description
Summary:In this article, we first present a summary of the general assumptions about Down syndrome (DS) still to be found in the literature. We go on to show how new research has modified these assumptions, pointing to a wide range of individual differences at every level of description. We argue that, in the context of significant increases in DS life expectancy, a focus on individual differences in trisomy 21 at all levels—genetic, cellular, neural, cognitive, behavioral, and environmental—constitutes one of the best approaches for understanding genotype/phenotype relations in DS and for exploring risk and protective factors for Alzheimer’s disease in this high-risk population.

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