Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss

A significant portion of the food loss in agricultural supply chains occurs at the farm level and has been linked to high cosmetic standards adopted by retailers regarding the size, color, and shape of the produce. We examine the economic incentives for retailers to adopt such high standards and the...

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Main Authors: CRAMA, Pascale, ZHOU, Yangfang (Helen), WANG, Manman
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Language:English
Published: Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University 2023
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Online Access:https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/7181
https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/context/lkcsb_research/article/8180/viewcontent/Crama_Zhou_Wang_2023_Impact_of_cosmetic_standards_on_food_loss__1_.pdf
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spelling sg-smu-ink.lkcsb_research-81802023-03-07T08:08:38Z Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss CRAMA, Pascale ZHOU, Yangfang (Helen) WANG, Manman A significant portion of the food loss in agricultural supply chains occurs at the farm level and has been linked to high cosmetic standards adopted by retailers regarding the size, color, and shape of the produce. We examine the economic incentives for retailers to adopt such high standards and their impact on food loss. We build a sequential game between a retailer and a farmer, where the retailer signs a contract with the farmer specifying both the wholesale price and cosmetic quality standard. Setting a high standard allows the retailer to sell the products at a price premium but increases the rejection rate, i.e., reduces the proportion of produce that satisfies this standard. We find that compared to a low cosmetic standard, a high standard does not always increase food loss and could lower food loss when the price premium is high and the relative difference between the rejection rates under both standards is low. Consequently, banning cosmetic standards may backfire and increase food loss instead. When retailers set a high cosmetic standard, we find that an effective policy intervention is to reduce the rejection rate under the high standard by, e.g., investment in agriculture research. We confirm and add to these results and policy implications in the presence of yield-enhancing efforts, an alternative sales channel, and harvesting cost variability. 2023-03-01T08:00:00Z text application/pdf https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/7181 https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/context/lkcsb_research/article/8180/viewcontent/Crama_Zhou_Wang_2023_Impact_of_cosmetic_standards_on_food_loss__1_.pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business eng Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Food loss cosmetic standard agriculture contract government policy Agricultural and Resource Economics Food Studies Operations and Supply Chain Management
institution Singapore Management University
building SMU Libraries
continent Asia
country Singapore
Singapore
content_provider SMU Libraries
collection InK@SMU
language English
topic Food loss
cosmetic standard
agriculture contract
government policy
Agricultural and Resource Economics
Food Studies
Operations and Supply Chain Management
spellingShingle Food loss
cosmetic standard
agriculture contract
government policy
Agricultural and Resource Economics
Food Studies
Operations and Supply Chain Management
CRAMA, Pascale
ZHOU, Yangfang (Helen)
WANG, Manman
Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss
description A significant portion of the food loss in agricultural supply chains occurs at the farm level and has been linked to high cosmetic standards adopted by retailers regarding the size, color, and shape of the produce. We examine the economic incentives for retailers to adopt such high standards and their impact on food loss. We build a sequential game between a retailer and a farmer, where the retailer signs a contract with the farmer specifying both the wholesale price and cosmetic quality standard. Setting a high standard allows the retailer to sell the products at a price premium but increases the rejection rate, i.e., reduces the proportion of produce that satisfies this standard. We find that compared to a low cosmetic standard, a high standard does not always increase food loss and could lower food loss when the price premium is high and the relative difference between the rejection rates under both standards is low. Consequently, banning cosmetic standards may backfire and increase food loss instead. When retailers set a high cosmetic standard, we find that an effective policy intervention is to reduce the rejection rate under the high standard by, e.g., investment in agriculture research. We confirm and add to these results and policy implications in the presence of yield-enhancing efforts, an alternative sales channel, and harvesting cost variability.
format text
author CRAMA, Pascale
ZHOU, Yangfang (Helen)
WANG, Manman
author_facet CRAMA, Pascale
ZHOU, Yangfang (Helen)
WANG, Manman
author_sort CRAMA, Pascale
title Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss
title_short Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss
title_full Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss
title_fullStr Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss
title_full_unstemmed Impact of cosmetic standards on food loss
title_sort impact of cosmetic standards on food loss
publisher Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University
publishDate 2023
url https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/7181
https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/context/lkcsb_research/article/8180/viewcontent/Crama_Zhou_Wang_2023_Impact_of_cosmetic_standards_on_food_loss__1_.pdf
_version_ 1770576493931397120