What drives companies to do good? A “universal” ordering of corporate social responsibility motivation

• Main Authors: LIM, Alwyn, POPE, Shawn
• Format: text
• Language: English
• Published: Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University 2022
• Subjects: Corporate social responsibility; CSR motivations; normative motivations; instrumental motivations; political motivations; CSR and image; CSR surveys; CSR meta-analysis; Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics; Civic and Community Engagement; Social Psychology and Interaction
• Online Access: https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/3414; https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/context/soss_research/article/4671/viewcontent/Lim___Pope___What_Drives_Companies_to_Do_Good_.pdf
• Institution: Singapore Management University

The classic question of why companies do corporate social responsibility (CSR) is central to much theoretical, regression-based, and experimental research. Guiding research into this question is a tripartite schema of normative, instrumental, and political CSR motivations that has become increasingly established in the CSR literature. This paper challenges the schema’s status as a typology of equally plausible alternatives through an integration and analysis of a worldwide literature of 120 existing academic surveys on CSR motivation. Rather, the paper reformulates the schema into a surveyed ordering of CSR motivations that might be called “universal” in having remarkable stability across time periods, industries, company sizes, geographic regions, question formats, types of survey respondents, and types of survey producers. The paper challenges the schema also by documenting robust internal heterogeneity that it conceals, particularly where instrumental motivations are concerned, which are among the most and least self-selected CSR motivations in our results.