Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Many microorganisms are able to synthesize polysaccharides and then secrete them into the external environment; these compounds are known as exopolysaccharides (EPS). The EPS are produced for various purposes including protection, adhesion, biofilm formation, and as a nutrient so...

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Main Authors: Worraprat Chaisuwan, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong, Sutee Wangtueai, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, Thanongsak Chaiyaso, Charin Techapun, Suphat Phongthai, Sang Guan You, Joe M. Regenstein, Phisit Seesuriyachan
Format: Journal
Published: 2020
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http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/68142
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Institution: Chiang Mai University
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spelling th-cmuir.6653943832-681422020-04-02T15:23:32Z Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities Worraprat Chaisuwan Kittisak Jantanasakulwong Sutee Wangtueai Yuthana Phimolsiripol Thanongsak Chaiyaso Charin Techapun Suphat Phongthai Sang Guan You Joe M. Regenstein Phisit Seesuriyachan Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Many microorganisms are able to synthesize polysaccharides and then secrete them into the external environment; these compounds are known as exopolysaccharides (EPS). The EPS are produced for various purposes including protection, adhesion, biofilm formation, and as a nutrient source. These polymers can be produced by microbes such as archaea, bacteria, and fungi. On an industrial scale, it is beneficial to use microbes because they can be cultivated using controlled conditions and produce a large quantity of EPS within short periods. Fermentation techniques, therefore, are important strategies that are used to improve product yield and productivity. These techniques can be done using submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation. In addition, the application of optimization techniques are able to be used to obtain the maximum yield of microbial EPS. Some EPS (called bioactive EPS) derived from microbes show bioactivities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities. There are many factors influencing their bioactivities including their structure, molecular weight, functional groups, and monosaccharide compositions. Moreover, there are many reports where various methods have been used to modify microbial EPS to improve their bioactivities. The modification methods include biological, physical, chemical, and biomolecular modifications. Additionally, immunomodulatory EPS have been extensively studied. The immune stimulating activities of EPS have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo, and some reports have suggested possible pathways for activating the immune response. This review will focus on resources, fermentation, modification, and bioactivities of EPS, and review possible mechanisms of microbial EPS stimulating immune responses. 2020-04-02T15:22:48Z 2020-04-02T15:22:48Z 2020-06-01 Journal 22124306 22124292 2-s2.0-85081938916 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100564 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85081938916&origin=inward http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/68142
institution Chiang Mai University
building Chiang Mai University Library
country Thailand
collection CMU Intellectual Repository
topic Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
spellingShingle Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Worraprat Chaisuwan
Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
Sutee Wangtueai
Yuthana Phimolsiripol
Thanongsak Chaiyaso
Charin Techapun
Suphat Phongthai
Sang Guan You
Joe M. Regenstein
Phisit Seesuriyachan
Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
description © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Many microorganisms are able to synthesize polysaccharides and then secrete them into the external environment; these compounds are known as exopolysaccharides (EPS). The EPS are produced for various purposes including protection, adhesion, biofilm formation, and as a nutrient source. These polymers can be produced by microbes such as archaea, bacteria, and fungi. On an industrial scale, it is beneficial to use microbes because they can be cultivated using controlled conditions and produce a large quantity of EPS within short periods. Fermentation techniques, therefore, are important strategies that are used to improve product yield and productivity. These techniques can be done using submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation. In addition, the application of optimization techniques are able to be used to obtain the maximum yield of microbial EPS. Some EPS (called bioactive EPS) derived from microbes show bioactivities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities. There are many factors influencing their bioactivities including their structure, molecular weight, functional groups, and monosaccharide compositions. Moreover, there are many reports where various methods have been used to modify microbial EPS to improve their bioactivities. The modification methods include biological, physical, chemical, and biomolecular modifications. Additionally, immunomodulatory EPS have been extensively studied. The immune stimulating activities of EPS have been investigated both in vitro and in vivo, and some reports have suggested possible pathways for activating the immune response. This review will focus on resources, fermentation, modification, and bioactivities of EPS, and review possible mechanisms of microbial EPS stimulating immune responses.
format Journal
author Worraprat Chaisuwan
Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
Sutee Wangtueai
Yuthana Phimolsiripol
Thanongsak Chaiyaso
Charin Techapun
Suphat Phongthai
Sang Guan You
Joe M. Regenstein
Phisit Seesuriyachan
author_facet Worraprat Chaisuwan
Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
Sutee Wangtueai
Yuthana Phimolsiripol
Thanongsak Chaiyaso
Charin Techapun
Suphat Phongthai
Sang Guan You
Joe M. Regenstein
Phisit Seesuriyachan
author_sort Worraprat Chaisuwan
title Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
title_short Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
title_full Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
title_fullStr Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
title_full_unstemmed Microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: Fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
title_sort microbial exopolysaccharides for immune enhancement: fermentation, modifications and bioactivities
publishDate 2020
url https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85081938916&origin=inward
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/68142
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