An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products
Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. The oral consumption of cannabis transports much less hazardo...
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th-mahidol.816292023-05-19T14:35:14Z An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products Kitdumrongthum S. Mahidol University Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. The oral consumption of cannabis transports much less hazardous chemicals than smoking. Nevertheless, the response to cannabis is biphasically dose-dependent (hormesis; a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition) with wide individuality in responses. Thus, the exact same dose and preparation of cannabis may be beneficial for some but toxic to others. The purpose of this review is to highlight the concept of individual variations in response to cannabinoids, which leads to the challenge of establishing standard safe doses of cannabis products for the general population. The mechanisms of actions, acute and chronic toxicities, and factors affecting responses to cannabis products are updated. Based on the literature review, we found that the response to cannabis products depends on exposure factors (delivery route, duration, frequency, and interactions with food and drugs), individual factors (age, sex), and susceptibility factors (genetic polymorphisms of cannabinoid receptor gene, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzymes, THC-metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic regulations). Owing to the individuality of responses, the safest way to use cannabis-containing food products is to start low, go slow, and stay low. 2023-05-19T07:35:14Z 2023-05-19T07:35:14Z 2023-03-01 Review Molecules Vol.28 No.6 (2023) 10.3390/molecules28062791 14203049 36985763 2-s2.0-85151109518 https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/81629 SCOPUS |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Kitdumrongthum S. An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products |
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Since legalization, cannabis/marijuana has been gaining considerable attention as a functional ingredient in food. ∆-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids are key bioactive compounds with health benefits. The oral consumption of cannabis transports much less hazardous chemicals than smoking. Nevertheless, the response to cannabis is biphasically dose-dependent (hormesis; a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition) with wide individuality in responses. Thus, the exact same dose and preparation of cannabis may be beneficial for some but toxic to others. The purpose of this review is to highlight the concept of individual variations in response to cannabinoids, which leads to the challenge of establishing standard safe doses of cannabis products for the general population. The mechanisms of actions, acute and chronic toxicities, and factors affecting responses to cannabis products are updated. Based on the literature review, we found that the response to cannabis products depends on exposure factors (delivery route, duration, frequency, and interactions with food and drugs), individual factors (age, sex), and susceptibility factors (genetic polymorphisms of cannabinoid receptor gene, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing enzymes, THC-metabolizing enzymes, and epigenetic regulations). Owing to the individuality of responses, the safest way to use cannabis-containing food products is to start low, go slow, and stay low. |
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Mahidol University |
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Mahidol University Kitdumrongthum S. |
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Review |
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Kitdumrongthum S. |
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Kitdumrongthum S. |
title |
An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products |
title_short |
An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products |
title_full |
An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products |
title_fullStr |
An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products |
title_sort |
individuality of response to cannabinoids: challenges in safety and efficacy of cannabis products |
publishDate |
2023 |
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https://repository.li.mahidol.ac.th/handle/123456789/81629 |
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1781415918370291712 |