AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BUAH LEUNCA, TAKOKAK, DAN TERUNG LALAP DENGAN METODE 2,2-DIFENIL-1-PIKRILHIDRAZIL (DPPH) DAN 2,2’-AZINO-BIS(3-ETILBENZOTIAZOLIN-6-ASAM SULFONAT) (ABTS)

• Main Author: Rizkiya Choirunnisa, Atina
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/45477
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms that have one or more unpaired electrons. Reactivity of free radicals contributing to cell damage and diseases. Free radicals can be scavenged by using endogenous antioxidants but their activity decrease along with age, therefore exogenous antioxidants is required. Antioxidant compounds have been found in several species of plants, some of them are black nightshade, turkey berry, and round green eggplant. The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activity of fruit exracts from black nightshade (Solanum americanum), turkey berry (Solanum torvum), and round green eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Group Common Eggplant) by determining IC50 of DPPH and IC50 of ABTS scavenging activity; total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid content of each extract; analyze the correlation between total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid with their IC50 DPPH and ABTS; and correlation between IC50 DPPH and IC50 ABTS. Extraction was performed by reflux using gradient polarity solvents, namely nhexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively. Extracts were monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). IC50 of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content were performed by spectrophotometry UV-Vis and their correlation with DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity by Pearson’s method. Ethanolic fruit extract of turkey berry had the lowest IC50 DPPH (1.36 µg/mL) and the lowest IC50 ABTS scavenging was given by ethanolic fruit extract of round green eggplant (1.50 µg/mL). Ethanolic fruit extract of turkey berry (ST3) had the highest phenolic content (5.15 g GAE/100 g), ethyl acetate fruit extract of black nightshade (SN2) had the highest flavonoid content (9.37 g QE/100 g) and the highest carotenoid content (0.87 g BE/100 g). Phenolic content in all fruit extract from black nightshade, turkey berry, and round green eggplant had negatively and high correlation with IC50 DPPH scavenging (r = -0.896; r = -0.961; r = -0.941, p<0,01) and IC50 ABTS scavenging(r = -0.949 ; r = - 0.860; r = -0.878, p<0,01). All of ethanol fruit extracts of black nightshade, turkey berry, and round green eggplant, and ethyl acetate fruit extract of black nighshade were very strong antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of black nightshade, turkey berry, and round green eggplant extracts by DPPH and ABTS methods can be estimated indirectly by determining phenolic content. Phenolic groups were the major contributors in antioxidant activity of black night shade, turkey berry, and round green eggplant extracts using DPPH and ABTS methods. DPPH and ABTS assays gave the linier results for antioxidant activity determination of black nightshade, turkey berry, and round green eggplant fruits.