A NHC-silyliumylidene cation for catalytic N‑formylation of amines using carbon dioxide

• Main Authors: Leong, Bi-Xiang, Teo, Yeow-Chuan, Condamines, Cloé, Yang, Ming-Chung, Su, Ming-Der, So, Cheuk-Wai
• Other Authors: School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Science::Chemistry::Organic chemistry; Mixtures; Catalysts
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/149731
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

This study describes the use of a silicon(II) complex, namely, the NHC-silyliumylidene cation complex [(I ) SiH]I (1, I =:C{N(Me)C(Me)} ), to catalyze the chemoselective N-formylation of primary and secondary amines using CO and PhSiH under mild conditions to afford the corresponding formamides as a sole product (average reaction time: 4.5 h; primary amines, average yield: 95%, average TOF: 8 h ; secondary amines, average yield: 98%, average TOF: 17 h ). The activity of 1 and product yields outperform the currently available non-transition-metal catalysts used for this catalysis. Mechanistic studies show that the silicon(II) center in complex 1 catalyzes the C−N bond formation via a different pathway in comparison with non-transition-metal catalysts. It sequentially activates CO , PhSiH , and amines, which proceeds via a dihydrogen elimination mechanism, to form formamides, siloxanes, and dihydrogen gas.