从一个新加坡华人家庭用语习惯看新加坡华语语气词 “了”的特征 ＝ Family language use : a corpus-based investigation of modal particle le in Singapore Mandarin Chinese

• Main Author: 黄玮誉 Huang, Weiyu
• Other Authors: Helena Gao
• Format: Final Year Project
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 2018
• Subjects: DRNTU::Humanities
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10356/73706
• Institution: Nanyang Technological University

目前研究新加坡华语的学者大多以报刊、电影为语料来分析新加坡用语习惯,但却没有发现从家 庭语用角度的研究。家庭受到社会各因素的影响,所以分析家庭用语是了解新加坡社会和社会用语的一大要素。本文使用 CLAN 应用程序分析一个华人家庭口语语料,发现此家庭使用“了”的频率很高。笔者将此扩展并研究(一)新加坡华语“了”和普通话“了”之间的差别以及(二) 造成新加坡“了”里的特征的社会因素。本研究发现新加坡有“liǎo 代 le” 的现象,而这样的 现象只出现在语气词 le2 上。笔者通过语言接触理论推断出国语(以及之后的普通话)和中国各方言(尤其是闽南话)的接触导致新加坡闽南语的产生,并推测出“liǎo 代 le” 的由来是受到新加坡闽南语的影响,而新加坡的政策是导致语言变化的基本因素。除此之外,笔者还发现此家 庭并没有“le 代 liǎo”的情况,原因是因为不符合语感。Liǎo le 的产生则是受到闽南语的影 响,但其功能已经发生变异。本文以家庭为背景的调查方法使这项研究获得了新加坡家庭用语鲜 活可靠的第一手资料。此方法也可以用在其它词类使用的调查上。The studies of Singapore Mandarin use mostly materials from newspapers and movies for analysis. However, there are no such studies found that uses the family corpus to do so. A family unit is affected by different societal factors, therefore to understand Singapore’s society and its language use, we need to investigate family language use. The CLAN programme was used to analyse one particular Chinese speaking family in Singapore and the particle 了 emerge with high frequencies of occurrence. The differences between the uses of Singapore Mandarin 了 and Mainland China Mandarin 了 was analysed, and the societal factors that gave the characteristic in Singapore Mandarin le was looked into and discussed. Our study finds that le was replaced by the pronunciation liǎo, and this only happens to modal particle le2. We utilized the concept of language contact and deduced that the origin of Singapore Mandarin is mainly caused by language contact between Mainland China Mandarin and the different Chinese dialects (especially Hokkien) spoken in Singapore. We also deduced that liǎo replacing le was affected by Singapore Mandarin and this in turn was caused by the different Singapore language policies that have been changed over the years. In addition, we found out that this particular family did not pronounced liǎo as le. This may be due to their habitual language behaviour . Lastly, this study also finds that liǎo le structure was derived from the Southern Min dialect and that its function is different in Singapore Mandarin. By directly observing a Singaporean Chinese family, this study was able to obtain reliable first-hand language use data. Such research method could also be applied when analysing other types of words.